A tsunami (pronounced “soo-nom-ee”) is a “giant sea wave caused by an earthquake or volcano.” As you know, Japan is an island. The epicenter of the quake was reported to be 129 kilometers (80 miles) off the east coast of the Oshika Peninsula, Tōhoku near Sendai. Source(s): 2011 japanese tsunami place: https://shortly.im/vsr0E. Best answer gets ten points. The area worst affected by the tsunami was the east coast of Honshu in Japan. Best answer gets ten points. Thousands of lives were lost and entire towns were devastated. [401], 2011 magnitude 9.0 - 9.1 earthquake off the coast of Japan, "2011 Miyagi earthquake" redirects here. [285] Workers were evacuated,[291] but tsunami warnings hindered efforts to extinguish the fire until 14 March, when officials planned to do so. The tsunami height that had been initially predicted by the tsunami warning system was lower than the actual tsunami height; this error contributed to the delayed escape of some residents. [282][283][284], A 220,000-barrel (35,000 m3)-per-day[285] oil refinery of Cosmo Oil Company was set on fire by the quake at Ichihara, Chiba Prefecture, to the east of Tokyo. Read More. The aftershock at 06:25 UTC could be felt in Yuzhno-Kurilsk (MSK 5) and Kurilsk (MSK 4).[83]. [114], One minute before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo, the Earthquake Early Warning system, which includes more than 1,000 seismometers in Japan, sent out warnings of impending strong shaking to millions. Overall electricity consumption during July and August was also 14% less than in the previous year. Tragically, on March 11, they did. [58] The World Bank's estimated economic cost was US$235 billion, making it the costliest natural disaster in history. He was killed by the earthquake and tsunami at Kamaishi, Iwate. Seismic stations in Iwate, Gunma, Saitama and Chiba Prefecture measured a lower 6, recording an upper 5 in Tokyo. 4. Because of conservation of angular momentum, such changes of inertia result in small changes to the Earth's rate of rotation. Kyodo News, "Survivors in trauma after life-changing nightmare day". [199][200], As of April 2012, wreckage from the tsunami spread around the world, including a soccer ball which was found in Alaska's Middleton Island and a Japanese motorcycle found in British Columbia, Canada. The sudden horizontal and vertical thrusting of the Pacific Plate, which has been slowly advancing under the Eurasian Plate near Japan, displaced the water above and spawned a series of highly destructive tsunami waves. [136][137] The impact of the tsunami in and around Sendai Airport was filmed by an NHK News helicopter, showing a number of vehicles on local roads trying to escape the approaching wave and being engulfed by it. Also, observed data from tidal meters that were located off the coast were not fully reflected in the second warning. [149][150] Other cities destroyed or heavily damaged by the tsunami include Kamaishi, Miyako, Ōtsuchi, and Yamada (in Iwate Prefecture), Namie, Sōma, and Minamisōma (in Fukushima Prefecture) and Shichigahama, Higashimatsushima, Onagawa, Natori, Ishinomaki, and Kesennuma (in Miyagi Prefecture). [289][290] [110], As of 16 March 2012 aftershocks continued, totaling 1887 events over magnitude 4.0; a regularly updated map showing all shocks of magnitude 4.5 and above near or off the east coast of Honshu in the last seven days[111] showed over 20 events. [298] Over 200,000 people were evacuated. For the best answers, search on … The Great East Japan Earthquake — the name given to the event by the Japanese government — triggered a massive tsunami that flooded more than 200 square miles of coastal land. The heat build-up caused the generation of hydrogen gas. [312] This brought the total number of problematic reactors to six. Unfortunately, the earthquake also caused a tsunami. This is an alphabetically sorted list of cities and towns severely damaged by the 2011 …   It was the fifth most powerful earthquake ever recorded, and within 30 minutes, a 133-foot high tsunami pummeled Japan's northeastern shoreline. In addition to Sendai, other communities hard-hit by the tsunami included Kamaishi and Miyako in Iwate; Ishinomaki, Kesennuma, and Shiogama in Miyagi; and Kitaibaraki and Hitachinaka in Ibaraki. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011 (Direct Relief photo) Immediately following the disaster, Direct Relief and the Japanese American Citizens League established the Japan Relief and Recovery Fund, committing 100 percent of all contributions to be used exclusively to help people in Japan in the most productive, efficient manner possible. [379] Other nationwide Japanese and international TV networks also broadcast uninterrupted coverage of the disaster. In Sendai, a 145,000-barrel (23,100 m3)-per-day refinery owned by the largest refiner in Japan, JX Nippon Oil & Energy, was also set ablaze by the quake. [66] Over eight hundred aftershocks of magnitude 4.5 Mw or greater have occurred since the initial quake,[67] including one on 26 October 2013 (local time) of magnitude 7.1 Mw. [36][70][71] Three tsunami deposits have been identified within the Holocene sequence of the plain, all formed within the last 3,000 years, suggesting an 800 to 1,100 year recurrence interval for large tsunamigenic earthquakes. (The early estimate of magnitude 8.9 was later revised upward.) Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Residents within a 20 km (12 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and a 10 km (6.2 mi) radius of the Fukushima Daini Nuclear Power Plant were evacuated. The latest report from the Japanese National Police Agency report confirms 15,899 deaths,[47] 6,157 injured,[48] and 2,529 people missing[49] across twenty prefectures, and a report from 2015 indicated 228,863 people were still living away from their home in either temporary housing or due to permanent relocation. [329], As a result of 7 April aftershock, Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant lost 3 of 4 external power lines and lost cooling function for as much as 80 minutes. [79] Other major earthquakes with tsunamis struck the Sanriku Coast region in 1896 and in 1933. [194][196], After a 2 m (6 ft 7 in) high surge hit Chile, it was reported that the reflection from those surges traveled back across the Pacific, causing a 30–60 cm (12–24 in) surge in Japan, 47–48 hours after the earthquake, according to observation from multiple tide stations [ja], including in Onahama, Owase, and Kushimoto. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Damaging tsunami waves struck the coasts of Iwate prefecture, just north of Miyagi prefecture, and Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba, the prefectures extending along the Pacific coast south of Miyagi. Japan Tsunami: How It Happened on … Railway operators gradually increased capacity over the next few days, until running at approximately 80% capacity by 17 March and relieving the worst of the passenger congestion. A ship washed ashore during the 2011 Japan tsunami lies amidst wreckage in Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan. [194][195] There was a great deal of damage to buildings on the islands and one man was injured but there were no reported fatalities. [211], Of the 13,135 fatalities recovered by 11 April 2011, 12,143 or 92.5% died by drowning. [303], Later analysis indicated three reactors at Fukushima I (Units 1, 2, and 3) had suffered meltdowns and continued to leak coolant water. [161], On 13 March 2011, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) published details of tsunami observations recorded around the coastline of Japan following the earthquake. Rolling blackouts of approximately three hours were experienced throughout April and May while TEPCO scrambled to find a temporary power solution. First town hit by Earthquake First town hit by Earthquake The waves were expected to come ashore over a period of several hours, with the highest and most powerful expected at 0930 (1730 GMT), Geophysicist Gerard Fryer at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center in Honolulu said high water reached Port Orford at 0730 (1530 … [368], 754 cultural properties were damaged across nineteen prefectures, including five National Treasures (at Zuigan-ji, Ōsaki Hachiman-gū, Shiramizu Amidadō, and Seihaku-ji); 160 Important Cultural Properties (including at Sendai Tōshō-gū, the Kōdōkan, and Entsū-in, with its western decorative motifs); one hundred and forty-four Monuments of Japan (including Matsushima, Takata-matsubara, Yūbikan, and the Site of Tagajō); six Groups of Traditional Buildings; and four Important Tangible Folk Cultural Properties. A wave measuring some 33 feet high inundated the coast and flooded parts of the city of Sendai, including its airport and the surrounding countryside. [76] The Japanese Meteorological Agency said that the earthquake may have ruptured the fault zone from Iwate to Ibaraki with a length of 500 km (310 mi) and a width of 200 km (120 mi). [145][146], Large parts of Kuji and the southern section of Ōfunato including the port area were almost entirely destroyed. Video footage of the towns that were worst affected shows little more than piles of rubble, with almost no parts of any structures left standing. [311] Later, a state of emergency was also declared at the Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant about 11 km (6.8 mi) south. [331], None of Japan's commercial wind turbines, totaling over 2300 MW in nameplate capacity, failed as a result of the earthquake and tsunami, including the Kamisu offshore wind farm directly hit by the tsunami. [263] On 12 March 252 dams were inspected and it was discovered that six embankment dams had shallow cracks on their crests. 5 years ago. It was later reported that a satellite orbiting at the outer edge of Earth’s atmosphere that day had detected infrasonics (very low-frequency sound waves) from the quake. There may be a need to replace the contaminated soil. A magnitude 7.4 Mw at 15:08 (JST), 7.9 Mw at 15:15 and a 7.7 Mw quake at 15:26 all occurred on 11 March. Such discrepancies in the warning were attributed by the JMA to the system's inability to distinguish between two different earthquakes that happened at around same time, as well as to the reduced number of reporting seismometers due to power outages and connection fails. NHK BS News reported 2011-04-03-02:55 JST, One estimate of 10–15 minutes came from German seismologist Rainer Kind of the, Another estimate of 15–30 minutes came from Vasily V. Titov, director of the. [296] On 14 March it was reported that a cooling system pump for this reactor had stopped working;[330] however, the Japan Atomic Power Company stated that there was a second operational pump sustaining the cooling systems, but that two of three diesel generators used to power the cooling system were out of order. Aid organizations both in Japan and worldwide also responded, with the Japanese Red Cross reporting $1 billion in donations. "[386], Nine days after the earthquake hit, a visualization and sonification were uploaded to YouTube allowing listeners to hear the earthquake as it unfolded in time. (Tsunami models did an excellent job of predicting when the tsunami would hit Hawaii or California, hours after the earthquake.) The March 11, 2011, earthquake was the strongest to strike the region since the beginning of record keeping in the late 19th century, and it is considered one of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded. "[61], The 9.1-magnitude (Mw) undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (20 mi),[5][62] with its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting approximately six minutes. The magnitude 9.0 earthquake (originally reported as 8.9) on Friday, March 11, 2011 happened near the east coast of Honshu, Japan. 1. Large stretches of land were left submerged under seawater, particularly in lower-lying areas. One man was killed in Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia after being swept out to sea. [100] In Antarctica, the seismic waves from the earthquake were reported to have caused the Whillans Ice Stream to slip by about 0.5 metres (1 ft 8 in). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/event/Japan-earthquake-and-tsunami-of-2011, LiveScience - Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011: Facts and Information, National Geographic - Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami, NOAA National Center for Environmental Information - Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Japan earthquake and tsunami of 2011 - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). The quake caused a giant wave out at sea, called a tsunami, which grew to 10 metres high. [354][355] Within Japan, only a few websites were initially unreachable. [55] By summer the Vice-minister for Economy, Trade and Industry, the head of the Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency, and the head of the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy had all lost their jobs. [69], This megathrust earthquake was a recurrence of the mechanism of the earlier 869 Sanriku earthquake, which has been estimated as having a magnitude of at least 8.4 Mw, which also created a large tsunami that inundated the Sendai plain. The one contingency not envisioned in the Japan government’s disaster planning was the awesome size of the tsunami, and how this could affect the nation’s nuclear power plants. After the 2011 disaster the UNISDR, United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, held its World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction in Tohoku in March 2015, which produced the Sendai Framework document to guide efforts by international development agencies to act before disasters instead of reacting to them after the fact. [93], The Earth's axis shifted by estimates of between 10 cm (4 in) and 25 cm (10 in). Tsunami waves smashed the coast, causing massive damage and flooding. [259] Eight people were missing and four bodies were discovered by the morning. This calculation is, in turn, based on the maximum amplitude of the seismic wave. [352] Immediately after the earthquake cellular communication was jammed across much of Japan due to a surge of network activity. Several hours later 9-foot (2.7-metre) tsunami waves struck the coasts of California and Oregon in North America. On March 11, the very large size of the earthquake was recognized quickly (from the seismic data) and the Japanese Meteorological Agency fortunately took no chances and put out a tsunami warning three … The center, which houses a control room for part of the International Space Station, was shut down and some damage was reported. [203], Scientists say that the subsidence is permanent. ... Where did the 2011 japanese tsunami take place? Be sure to include lots of info. The magnitude-9.0 earthquake struck at 2:46 pm. The Japanese government's response to the earthquake, the efforts of Japanese citizens to help with recovery, and the disaster itself have inspired many works from Japanese creators. The rolling blackouts brought on by the crises at the nuclear power plants in Fukushima had a profound effect on the rail networks around Tokyo starting on 14 March. No one thought a tsunami waves would tower as high as 30 feet. First town hit by Earthquake First town hit by Earthquake On March 11, 2011, a 9.1 magnitude earthquake occurred 231 miles northeast of Tokyo. [51] The earthquake and tsunami also caused extensive and severe structural damage in north-eastern Japan, including heavy damage to roads and railways as well as fires in many areas, and a dam collapse. [192][193] In the Galápagos Islands, 260 families received assistance following a 3 m (9.8 ft) surge which arrived 20 hours after the earthquake, after the tsunami warning had been lifted. [189], Along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and South America, tsunami surges were reported, but in most places caused little or no damage. The earthquake is often referred to in Japan as the Great East Japan Earthquake (東日本大震災, Higashi nihon daishinsai)[14][15][fn 1] and is also known as the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake,[30] the Great Sendai Earthquake,[31] the Great Tōhoku Earthquake,[31] and the great earthquake of March 11. of dead or missing tops 22,000; bodies buried in rare measure", "Gradual Restoration of Infrastructure Continues at Disaster Areas", "asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：計画停電で影響が出る主な鉄道（午前７時現在） – 社会", "A Look at the Japanese City Closest to the Quake", "In Japan, Many Undersea Cables Are Damaged: Broadband News and Analysis", "Japan's phone networks remain severely disrupted", "AT&T, Sprint & Verizon Offer Free Calls & Texts to Japan from U.S. [UPDATED]", "T-Mobile USA Waives Call Charges to Japan and Wi-Fi Calling and Text Messaging Charges to and From Japan", "netTALK Extends Free Calling to Japan Through April", "Deutsche Telekom: Konzern erleichtert Kommunikation nach Japan", "Mitsubishi Heavy Industries bids goodbye to F2 aircraft", "Tsunami and earthquake in Japan: latest pictures of the damage", "Air SDF to scrap 12 fighters, citing tsunami damage", "Quake forces closure of Japanese space center", "asahi.com（朝日新聞社）：茨城の宇宙機構施設が損傷 「きぼう」一部管制できず – サイエンス", "Damages to Cultural Properties in "the Great East Japan Earthquake, "An Interim Report on the Situation of Cultural Heritage in Japan after the Tōhoku district -off the Pacific Ocean Earthquake (or Tōhoku Earthquake)", "Piece of Ship from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Surfaces in Oregon", "Japan requests foreign rescue teams, UN says", "Ustream Asia、民放TV各局の東北地方太平洋沖地震報道番組を同時配jmjffr -INTERNET Watch", Listen to Live Coverage from Japan In English from YokosoNews, "Local broadcasters remain calm during the quake crisis,", "Foreign media take flak for fanning fears,", "In Japan, disaster coverage is measured, not breathless,", "First interpreting at government press conference on disaster,", "Japan Relief Headquarters for Persons with Disabilities Petition for Support and Accommodation Following Earthquake,", "New Komeito post-quake initiatives being adopted,", "Japan's PM set to visit crippled nuclear plant,", "New Komeito post-quake initiatives being adopted | Komei News (March 20, 2011)", What 2011 means for Japan in 2012 and beyond, "Sonification of Tohoku Earthquake / Sendai Coast, Japan, 2011/03/11", "Somber Japan emperor makes unprecedented address to nation", "Japan's Emperor Akihito expresses 'deep concern' over Fukushima nuclear plant crisis", "Japan: The 'Big One' hit, but not where they thought it would", "Japan Quake Epicenter Was in Unexpected Location", "Japan earthquake shifted Earth on its axis", "Prompt gravity signal induced by the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake", "How do supply chain networks affect the resilience of firms to natural disasters? Also, many people caught in the tsunami thought they were on high enough ground to be safe. Around what area did the tsunami take place. Japan Earthquake and Tsunami 2011 (Direct Relief photo) Immediately following the disaster, Direct Relief and the Japanese American Citizens League established the Japan Relief and Recovery Fund, committing 100 percent of all contributions to be used exclusively to help people in Japan in the most productive, efficient manner possible. [105][106][107], Four days later on 11 April, another magnitude 7.1 Mw aftershock struck Fukushima, causing additional damage and killing a total of three people. Of those who didn't heed the warning, 49% were hit by the water. [43][44][45][46], The tsunami swept the Japanese mainland and killed over ten thousand people, mainly through drowning, though blunt trauma also caused many deaths. As the floodwaters retreated back to the sea, they carried with them enormous quantities of debris, as well as thousands of victims caught in the deluge. Answer Save. It is believed that the early warning by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) saved many lives. [223] The quake and tsunami killed 378 elementary, middle-school, and high school students and left 158 others missing. [130] The tsunami inundated a total area of approximately 561 square kilometres (217 sq mi) in Japan. [300], A report by the IAEA in 2012 found that the Onagawa Nuclear Power Plant, the closest nuclear plant to the epicenter of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami, had remained largely undamaged. An upthrust of 6 to 8 metres (20 to 26 ft) along a 180 kilometres (110 mi) wide seabed at 60 kilometres (37 mi) offshore from the east coast of Tōhoku resulted in a major tsunami that brought destruction along the Pacific coastline of Japan's northern islands. [80], Most of the foreshocks are interplate earthquakes with thrust-type focal mechanisms. A magnitude 9.0 earthquake struck in the Pacific Ocean off the northeast coast of the Tōhoku region of Japan’s Honshu island on March 11, 2011. [205], In Japan, the National Police Agency has confirmed 15,899 deaths,[206] 6,157 injured,[207] and 2,529 people missing[208] across twenty prefectures. However, the strong quake had exceeded the measurement limit of all of the teleseismometers within Japan, and thus it was impossible to calculate the moment magnitude based on data from those seismometers. [257] Eleven airliners bound for Narita were diverted to nearby Yokota Air Base. The Japanese Foreign Ministry confirmed the deaths of nineteen foreigners. It was measured at 8.4 on the JMA seismic intensity scale The earthquake happened 130 kilometres (81 mi) off Sendai, Miyagi Prefecture, on the east coast of the Tōhoku of Japan, on March 11, 2011 at 05:46:23 UTC.It was at a depth of 24.4 km (15.2 miles). Peak electricity consumption recorded by TEPCO during the period was 49.22GW, which is 10.77GW (18%) lower than the peak consumption in the previous year. Another main effect of this Tsunami was a Nuclear meltdown. A few cases of suicide are also included. [324] The plant was shut down as a precaution. It was preceded by several foreshocks, including a magnitude-7.2 event centred approximately 25 miles (40 km) away from the epicentre of the main quake. The seismic moment of this earthquake accounts for about 93% of the estimated cumulative moment from 1926 to March 2011. The March 11 temblor was felt as far away as Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia; Kao-hsiung, Taiwan; and Beijing, China. Entire towns were destroyed in tsunami-hit areas in Japan, including 9,500 missing in Minamisanriku;[142] one thousand bodies had been recovered in the town by 14 March 2011. [121], An upthrust of 6 to 8 metres (20 to 26 ft) along a 180 kilometres (110 mi) wide seabed at 60 kilometres (37 mi) offshore from the east coast of Tōhoku[122] resulted in a major tsunami that brought destruction along the Pacific coastline of Japan's northern islands. [113], The number of aftershocks was associated with decreased health across Japan. [273] Two substations, one in Shizuoka Prefecture and one in Nagano Prefecture, were able to convert between frequencies and transfer electricity from Kansai to Kanto and Tōhoku, but their capacity was limited to 1 GW. [140] At least 101 designated tsunami evacuation sites were hit by the wave. The tsunami resulted in over 340,000 displaced people in the Tōhoku region, and shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine, and fuel for survivors. 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