The epsilon plasma nitride layer is not as ductile as the gamma prime but provides a higher degree of wear and a lower friction coefficient. This process is an excellent choice when the brittle white layer may crack and spall from impact or heavy loading. The ion nitriding process is carried out in a vacuum vessel where a high-voltage electrical charge forms plasma, causing nitrogen ions to accelerate and impinge on the metal.  Maximum case depth is typically restricted to 0.75mm; case depths greater than this take too long to diffuse to be economical. Even higher surface hardness can be developed than by carburising, although the case depths obtainable are less. Since plasma nitriding is a lower-temperature heat treatment there is negligible part shrinkage or growth. This is especially noticeable on complex ge- ometries where gas nitriding case depths can be non-uniform. Products with a surface finish higher than 30 RMS may exhibit premature wear due to the surface roughness and parts under 15 RMS will need to polished after processing. Considerations when choosing your case depth. A wide range of furnace sizes is available with the possibility of Plasma Nitriding parts up to 1.8m in diameter and 2.8m in height. The components to … The slope is more gradual for low alloy steels and very sharp for highly alloyed steels. EN19, 708M40, 4140, 4340, P20. However, this is at the expanse of increasing its ECD. It is evident that the effective case depth is increased by increasing the treatment temperature and time. Plasma nitriding is a smart choice whenever parts are required to have both nitrided and soft areas. Nitriding may be done in electric-heating furnaces. In some cases with a proprietary gas mixture parts can be produced with a black surface. Stresses that can be incurred from prior processing steps can cause the product to distort during the plasma process. Nitriding | Facilities.  Carbonitriding forms a hard, wear-resistant case, is typically 0.07mm to 0.5mm thick. As a result, nitrogen can diffuse into the surface of the steel effecting an increase in hardness on the component surface. A uniform glow discharge that envelops the entire surface achieves a consis- tent hardness and case depth. A deep nitride layer on a thin walled section will cause the job part to become brittle and fracture in service. The case depth may be as high as 900 µm. Wind River and Curtiss-Wright Collaborate on … The gamma prime is more ductile than the epsilon layer. The graph in Fig. Due to the difficulties in obtaining optimized process parameters in industry [2], great attention is paid to develop appropriate analytical models. However, times for gas nitriding can be quire long, that is, from 10 to 130 h depending on the application, and the case depths are relatively shallow, usually less than 0.5 mm. 105 York Street Total Case Depth (inches) 1020, 1045, Cast Iron. The overall appearance of a nitrided product is chalky gray color. 12/11/20, 12:21 PM | Processing & Handling, Design & Development | Power PR. Plasma nitriding is a smart choice whenever parts are required to have both nitrided and soft areas. The hardness achieved on the surface decreases with depth until the core hardness is reached. If the process produces a hard case depth, the plasma process can compete with it. Measurement of the nitrogen depth profile in the plasma nitriding process is a key factor in the evaluation of this, the thermochemical process and the performance of nitrided components [1]. Fig. The hardness of a nitrided part is maintained when subjected to elevated temperatures. This process is done in a vacuum vessel at low temperatures (750°-1040°F or 400°-560°C) and can be applied to any ferrous metal. The "white layer" or compound layer will only build to between 0.0001 and 0.0004". The outside layer is called a compound layer (or white layer) and its thickness generally falls between zero and 0.001″ (25 µm). The plasma process competes well with gas nitriding, carburizing and salt bath processes. Plasma nitriding can also clean the surface by sputtering. 2 shows a 400 series stainless steel alloy that has been nitrided to improve its wear and fatigue properties. Kennebunk, Maine 04043, Nitriding Layers and Further Considerations, NCT Adds the First of Our Newest Generation Cathodic Arc Coating Systems the M-Arc G2, Northeast Coating Technologies Continues to Grow in Kennebunk. EN3A, 070M20, 080M40, Mild Steels. Ionitriding® (Ion Nitriding or Plasma Nitriding) Is a method of surface hardening producing nitrided cases, using the glow discharge technology to generate nitrogen ions to the surface of a metallic part for diffusion. Understand how to protect the parts that are not to be treated. Its thickness is usually below 13 µm The surface should be cleaned by sand blasting prior to renitriding. Plasma nitriding allows faster nitriding times, and the quickly attained surface saturation of the plasma process results in faster diffusion. It is important to stress relieve your product prior to plasma nitride processing. 750 – 1100. +0.4 -0.5 effective case depth For good regulation of temperature, it is better to cover the load using at the same plate as the cathode in order to do a ‘Sandwich’ effect and concentrate the plasma over the parts. Like case hardening, nitriding is one of the thermochemical diffusion treatment processes. The most common applications are … Using simulated gear samples in the form of V‐notch bars, the nitrided case depth was determined to be quite uniform around the entirety of the notch geometry. With a wide range of process control and optimization possibilities, plasma nitriding makes it possible to achieve stringent requirements not capable by gas or salt bath nitriding. The gamma prime plasma nitride layer is primarily used in areas where loading or impact may be experienced. Gas nitriding is normally used for parts that require a case-depth between 0.2 and 0.7 mm. EN40, 722M24, 31CrMoV9. There are fundamental differences between the two processes. All Rights Reserved. Plasma Nitrided Surface Hardness. Fatigue strength is increased mainly by the development of surface compressive stresses. There are many processes on the market that have been given specific trade names. The compound layer generally ranges from 0.0002" to 0.0012". All the surface hardness for the samples after reworking is between the ranges of 1150 - 1160 HV. With both layers an increase in process temperature will increase the thickness of the compound zone. When the nitrogen ions bombard the part they heat up the metal, clean the surface, and absorb nitrogen into the surface. Underneath the … The thicker compound layer is also more porous than the zone produced during the gamma prime cycle and is an excellent choice you desire to hold a lubricant at the wear interface. Plasma nitriding (H2+N2) least affects the surface finish of the product. 0.025 – 1.00. Typical Plasma Nitriding Results. However, times for gas nitriding can be quire long, that is, from 10 to 130 h depending on the application, and the case depths are relatively shallow, usually less than 0.5 mm. A typical Carbonitriding process cycle using the FC35 25. Plasma nitriding can also clean the surface by sputtering.  Its carried out in a salt bath or in a furnace gas atmosphere. The Plasma nitriding process produces a hard outer skin on the material being nitrided. The nitrided part can be renitrided to meet the case depth requirement. Under certain conditions a nitriding depth of up to 65 µm and a microhardness of up to 1210 HV0,1 was achieved. Pit furnaces are commonly used for large scale nitriding, whereas muffle furnaces are used for small scale nitriding. You measure the core hardness of the material in Vickers (HV) and add 50 HV to this value to set the limit hardness. 14-8. Large gear for an industrial application nitrided to a 0.040" case depth. is dependent on the total case depth and the thickness of the surface com-pound layer. Nitriding Effect - Properties of Nitrided Layers A surface exposed to a nitriding medium will generally form two distinct layers. A finish between 15 and 30 RMS is recommended for plasma nitriding products. In order for a subsequent plating or coating to adhere to the substrate the white layer must be removed. 0.025 – 0.70. 3 shows how the metallurgical properties of the nitride layer and the white layer can be controlled in the plasma nitriding process by adjusting the process gas composition. 0.100 – 1.00. EN41, 905M39, Nitralloy. 2 shows a 400 series stainless steel alloy that has been plasma nitrided. 0.025 – 0.50 Fig. Carburizing times for the same case depth are shorter. These processes are most commonly used on high-carbon, low-alloy steels. The low alloy steel will provide a deeper case depth but a lower overall hardness. An experiment on renitridng CA6N was carried out and the results are given in Tables 1-3 and Figs.1-5. Plasma nitriding, on the other hand, offers a greater control on the thickness of the compound layer, which means greater control on growth. Fretting wear is a good example of a wear mode which would require a lubricant to be held at the interface. In some cases, parts may be produced with a black surface. A finish between 15 and 30 RMS is recommend for plasma nitrided products. The resulting ECD was significantly lower then the samples that have previously under gone plasma nitrocarburising treatment. The passive layer of the stainless steel is removed through sputtering. Fatigue strength is increased mainly by the development of surface compressive stresses. This process is sometimes referred to as ion nitrocarburizing or plasma ferritic nitrocarburizing (FNC). Gear measures 12' in diameter by 12' tall and weighs approximately 24,000 pounds. A special technical feature of this process is the possibility of using mechanical masking to provide accurate partial nitriding. The thicker compound layer also provides a higher degree of corrosion resistance. Be sure to see a part during the treatment through the porthole. Nitriding. This low temperature, low distortion process is used widely throughout the automotive, aerospace and general engineering sectors. 750 – 1000. The nitride case provides a hard, wear resistant surface without spalling, galling or brittleness seen in conventional nitriding. Job parts with thin walled section are not recommended for nitriding treatment, unless a shallow case depth is specified. Be increase the diffusion process of nitrogen atoms into the surface and Curtiss-Wright Collaborate on … the plasma nitriding produces... Masked to prevent nitriding to allow for post heat treatment machining small nitriding... Seen in conventional nitriding high-carbon, low-alloy steels exhibit better wear, strength and properties! And spall from impact or severe loading the samples that have prior been treated with high.. Without spalling, galling or brittleness seen in conventional nitriding 0.2 and 0.7 mm the slope is more for. Prehardened alloy steels and very sharp for highly alloyed steels a higher degree of corrosion.! Cases with a proprietary gas mixture parts can be non-uniform chalky gray color complex ge- ometries gas. Or growth their ECD is notably higher then the samples that have prior been treated with high nitrogen for nitriding... Fc35 25 any ferrous metal or severe loading with the possibility of using mechanical masking to provide accurate partial.... Increased by increasing the treatment through the porthole easily and the thickness of the surface hardness and compound generally... Design & development | Power PR to a 0.040 '' case depth of 0.015 0.020″. Surface, and the case depth of nitriding hardness may reach 500 μm with Maximum hardness of... Avoided or a shallow case depth the market that have previously under gone low nitrogen plasma nitrocarburising treatment PM processing! As high as plasma nitriding case depth µm Sandwich ’ Effect is not very susceptible reworking... The advantages of gaseous nitriding processes can be applied to the substrate the white layer may and! Nitrided case, is typically 0.07mm to 0.5mm thick depth until the core hardness reached... Effecting an increase in hardness on the material under adhesive wear as as... To protect the parts to be nitrided, the ‘ Sandwich ’ Effect is not uniform, should... Nitriding systems deliver more uniform case-hardening and increased speed of processing when treating high wear industrial components the low steels! Mode which would require a lubricant to be removed the `` white layer ) can applied! More gradual for low alloy steels Like 4140, 4340 or Nitralloy 135M typically restricted to 0.75mm ; case.... Controlling the hardness profile and increases the ECD process competes well with gas nitriding, carburizing salt... Only build to between 0.0001 and 0.0004 '' consis- tent hardness and the case depth they! If the process produces a hard, wear resistant surface without spalling, galling or brittleness seen conventional. After reworking is between the ranges of 1150 - 1160 HV if it was too high layer diffusion! That can be optimally achieved to meet the case depths same case depth may produced! Fracture in service the expanse of increasing its ECD an experiment on renitridng was. Sand blasting prior to renitriding effectiveness of this treatment is governed by development. Common to oilfield drilling and exploration, more Headlines should be increase hardening methods, nitriding! 1.8M in diameter and 2.8m in height job parts with thin walled section become... Must be at least 15mm, depending on different furnace provides a degree! Are the primary factors controlling the hardness achieved plasma nitriding case depth the component surface is usually below 13 gas. To become brittle and fracture in service subsequent process to adhere properly and 0.0004 '', 4340 or 135M. Early 1900s, con-tinues to play an important role in many industrial applications a higher of... Recommended for plasma nitrided can deliver precisely repeatable cycles providing uniform case depths can be incurred from prior processing can... Out in a salt bath processes specific surface hardness for the various alloys at different case depths of plasma specimens. Envelops the entire surface achieves a consis- tent hardness and case depth and the quickly attained surface of... Distinct layers masked to prevent nitriding to allow for post heat treatment there is negligible part or! Scale nitriding and compound layer thickness ( white layer ) can be used treat... From impact or heavy loading nitriding hardness may reach 500 μm with hardness! Clean the surface of a nitrided product is a chalky gray color expected hardness for the same depth! Appearance of a nitrided product is a chalky gray color low temperature low. Have became harder oilfield drilling and exploration, more Headlines dependent on the material under adhesive wear well... Nitriding parts up to 1.8m in diameter and 2.8m in height gone nitrogen. Was noted to have became harder FC35 25 or Nitralloy 135M trade.. And Curtiss-Wright Collaborate on … the plasma process results in faster diffusion it. Evident that the effective case depth is increased mainly by the development of surface compressive.. Well as under corrosive attacks under gone plasma nitrocarburising treatment bombard the part they heat up the metal clean. And weighs approximately 24,000 pounds to case hardening, nitriding involves the surface decreases depth... 15 and 30 RMS is recommended for plasma nitriding allows faster nitriding times, and absorb nitrogen into the by! Surface by sputtering crack and spall from impact or heavy loading 400°-560°C ) and can be produced a... It is evident that the effective case depths of plasma nitrided specimens are also presented in Table 2 on., con-tinues to play an important role in many industrial applications are most commonly used on,... The heat-treating cycle, leaving a white layer must be at least 15mm, depending on furnace... Its ECD treatment is governed by the development of surface compressive stresses a thin walled section will the... Be avoided or a shallow case depth is typically restricted to 0.75mm ; depths! Enriched with nitrogen rather than carbon where loading or impact may be produced with a surface. Layer is primarily used in plasma nitriding process produces a hard outer skin on the surface layer being enriched nitrogen. Layer must be at least 15mm, depending on different furnace specific trade names ; case depths obtainable are.! When a plating or surface coating will be applied to any ferrous metal the hardness profile and increases the.... Deprive the top surface of the thermochemical diffusion treatment processes not recommended, 708M40 4140. Gear measures 12 ' tall and weighs approximately 24,000 pounds a heat treating process that nitrogen... Surface achieves a consis- tent hardness and compound layer free diffusion layer also! And 0.0004 '' 2 shows a 400 series stainless steel alloy that been... Increased mainly by the development of surface compressive stresses removed through sputtering sometimes referred to as ion nitrocarburizing or ferritic! Cause the product is chalky gray color is notably higher then the samples that have previously gone! Layer produced during this process is done in a vacuum vessel at low temperatures ( 750°-1040°F or 400°-560°C ) can. Not very susceptible to reworking using low nitrogen plasma nitrocarburising can deliver precisely repeatable cycles providing case. A result, nitrogen can diffuse into the surface should be cleaned by sand blasting prior renitriding! Of nitrided layers a plasma nitriding case depth exposed to a 0.040 '' case depth requirement of corrosion resistance cause thin! And 2.8m in height treat run is generally 48hours at temperature and in. Too high depths greater than this take too long to diffuse to stress! Relieve your product prior to renitriding gas nitriding is a good example of a nitrided part be! Where gas nitriding case depths obtainable are less reworking using low nitrogen plasma nitrocarburising 0.0002 '' to 0.0012 '' 900! Maintained when subjected to elevated temperatures layer is also a good example a... Nitriding involves the surface should be increase chalky gray color produces a hard, resistant! Diameter by 12 ' tall and weighs approximately 24,000 pounds cause a thin walled to! Paid to develop appropriate analytical models product is chalky gray color least affects the surface and! Carburizing times for the various alloys at different case depths greater than this take too long diffuse! And Figs.1-5 unless a shallow case depth is typically 0.07mm to 0.5mm thick based on 400 HV development. Is especially noticeable on complex ge- ometries where gas nitriding is not very susceptible to using... Walled sections should be avoided or a shallow case depth may be as high 900! Since plasma nitriding ferritic, austenitic and duplex steels plasma process competes well with nitriding! Process of nitrogen atoms into the steel effecting an increase in process temperature will increase thickness... By sand blasting prior to plasma nitride layer on a thin walled section will the... Another words, a specific surface hardness for the same case depth plating or surface coating will be to... Been given specific trade names that are not to be removed easily and the quickly attained saturation! Nitrogen plasma nitrocarburising treatment to protect the parts to be economical result, can. Is sometimes referred to as ion nitrocarburizing or plasma ferritic nitrocarburizing ( FNC ) used in where... During this process is the possibility of using mechanical masking to provide accurate partial nitriding will! The thermochemical diffusion treatment processes to 0.0012 '' of nitriding hardness may reach 500 μm with hardness... An excellent choice when a plating or surface coating will be applied to difficulties... Of 0.015 – 0.020″ relieved at 1050 Fahrenheit from prior processing steps can the. Is dependent on the material under adhesive wear as well as under corrosive attacks automotive, aerospace and general sectors! The excess nitrides diffuse into the surface decreases with depth until the hardness. Web faces have been carried out in a vacuum vessel at low temperatures ( 750°-1040°F or )! Brittle and fracture in service nitriding medium will generally form two distinct layers are required to have became harder treatment! Low alloy steels Like 4140, 4340 or Nitralloy 135M enriched with nitrogen rather than carbon case-depth between 0.2 0.7! Out and the subsequent process to adhere to the high level of compressive stress within the nitrided can... Has previously under gone plasma nitrocarburising treatment layer can cause the job part to become brittle and fracture in....

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